国学网--学术部--中国民俗学会

学会简介

 

民俗和民俗学

什么是民俗

衣服为什么里朝内面朝外穿?过年为什么要吃饺子?为什么绝大部分人都以右手执筷?为什么中国跟人打招呼时喜欢问:“您吃了吗”?为什么劳动时要高唱劳动号子?……

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*生产劳动民俗*
简而言之,劳动生产民俗是在各种物质生产活动中产生和遵循的民俗。这类民俗伴随着物质生产的进行,多方面地反映着人们的民俗观念,在历史上对保证生产的顺利进行有一定的作用……

· 农业民俗 · 牧业民俗 · 渔业民俗 · 林业民俗
· 养殖民俗 · 手工业民俗 · 服务业民俗 · 江湖习俗

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*日常生活民俗*
生活民俗包括 服饰民俗、饮食民俗、居住民俗、交通与行旅民俗。它最先是以满足生理需要为目的的,随着社会的发展和社会的分工的复杂化,等级身份的严格化、生产条件的差异、人生仪礼的繁复……

· 服饰民俗 · 饮食民俗 · 居住民俗 · 交通与行旅民俗

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*社会组织民俗*
社会组织通常是指一定的社会单元,这种社会单元往往是为了达到特定目标而建立,例如军队、企业等。但是,我们现在所指的社会组织民俗却是中国传统社会中,民间各种形成稳定关系的人们共同体……

· 血缘组织民俗 · 地缘组织民俗 · 会社组织民俗

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*岁时节日民俗*
岁时节日,主要是指天时、物侯的周期性转换相适应,在人们的社会生活中约定俗成的,具有某种风俗活动内容的特定时日。节日的形成与发展,经历了十分漫长的历史。在这期间,形成的节日民俗不……

· 春季节日民俗 · 夏季节日民俗 · 秋季节日民俗 · 冬季节日民俗

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*人生仪礼*
人生仪礼是指在一生中几个重要环节上所经过的具有一定仪式的行为过程,主要包括诞生礼、成年礼、婚礼和葬礼。此外表明进入重要年龄阶段的祝寿仪式和一年一次的生日庆贺举动,亦可视为人生仪……

· 求子习俗 · 生育习俗 · 成年礼 · 婚姻习俗
· 寿诞习俗 · 丧葬习俗

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*游艺民俗*
游艺民俗是一种以消遣休闲、调剂身心为主要目的,而又有一定模式的民俗活动。它是人类在具备起码的物质生存条件基础上,为满足精神的需求而进行的文化创造……

· 游戏民俗 · 竞技民俗 · 综合表演民俗

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*民间观念*
民间观念是指在民间社会中自发产生的一套神灵崇拜、生活禁忌的观念。它主要作用与民众的意识形态领域,其中较有代表性的是……

· 禁 忌 · 俗 信 · 民间诸神

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*民间文学*
民间文学是劳动人民的口头创作。它在广大的人民群众中产生,它在广大人民群众当中流传,主要反映人民大众的生活和思想感情,表现他们的审美观念和艺术情趣……

· 神 话 · 史 诗 · 传说与故事 · 民 歌
· 笑 话 · 民间戏曲 · 谚 语 · 谜 语

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什么是民俗学

民俗学是研究民间风俗习惯的一门科学。它的主要任务,是以科学的态度,对历史与当代的民俗事象,进行调查、集、整理、描述、分析和论证,探求它的本质结构、特点与社会功能,揭示其发生、发展……
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*历史民俗学*
历史民俗学是研究历史上的民俗事象与民俗理论的学问。包括民俗史与民俗学史两个部分,民俗史是对综合或者单项的民俗事象的历史的探究与叙述,包括通时的或断代的事象的探究与叙述……

· 中国上古民众生活 · 中国中古民众生活 · 中国近世民众生活

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*理论民俗学*
理论民俗学是民俗学中的一个分支,它对民俗事象发生、发展、演变及其性质、结构、功能等方面的规律进行理论探索,包括对综合或单项问题进行研究……

· 基本概念 · 基本理论 · 主要方法

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*应用民俗学*
应用民俗学是为将民俗学理论应用于社会而创立的民俗学的一个分支学科,它站在应用的角度,对具体的民俗问题进行研究,探讨民俗在当代发展变化,讨论民俗的应用范围、应用对象……

· 民俗与共同体(社区、民族、民族国家) · 民俗与经济 · 民俗与旅游
· 民俗与娱乐 · 民俗与人的全面发展

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民俗图说

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观风问俗

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